Pipe-joint.



n. MnoNALn. PIPE JOINT (Application filed June a, 1sQa.)

(No Model.)

lUNITED STATES PATENT )Ormel-2.

DONALD MCDONALD, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

PIPE-JOINT.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent NO. 627,673, dated J' une V2'?, 1899.

' Application filed Tune 6,1898. Serial No. 6842.745. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, DONALD MCDONALD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Louisville, in the county of Jefferson and State of Kentucky, have invented a new and useful is interposed at the joint to prevent leakage.

j The obj ect of my invention is to provide an improved construction for joints of this nature whereby the pipes may be quickly and easily joined and the joints be rendered fluidtight and capable of withstanding heavy pressure while possessing the requisite iexibility Ato enable the pipe to accommodate itself .to

unavoidable irregular settling.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a Sectional View of a. pipe-joint embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a broken section of the bell end of a pipe-section; Fig. 3, a broken section of the spigot end of a pipe-section,'

and Fig. t an enlarged detailed view showing clearly the location of an annular rope gasket or packing employed.

A represents a pipe-section provided with a bell or bowl B, preferably of a depth slightly greater than the bowls on pipes of ordinary construction. The bell is provided interiorly with annular channels C, C', and 0 2, the central one, C', of which possesses considerable depth and communicates with the exterior of the bell through a transverse perforation s, which receives a preferably threaded plug s'. The channel C2 preferably extends in Width from the outer end of the bell, which is thereby enlarged, to an annular shoulder fr, which forms oneI side of an annular rib 0"',which separates the channels C and O2. The channel C2 is itself provided with an annular groove r2, which serves as a retaining means for the outer filling, hereinafter described. v

D is the spigot end of the adjoining pipesection, provided at its end margin with a simj ple enlargement or annular ridge D.

E and E are inner and outer circlets, re-

spectively, of any suitable material capable Arial, s ,uch as pitch dissolved in benzol.

of conining between them a central filling E? of melted pitch or other material possessing the requisite qualities of plasticity and a moderately low melting-point, permitting it to be introduced at a raised temperature as a liquid through thevperforation s, after which it regains a sufficiently-set form or non-fluid state toprevent its leakage past the packin gs E and E', but remains in a sufficiently yielding or plastic state to permit some movement in the joint without causing a leak. Y

The circlet E preferably is of lead cast'or wrapped about the pipe D close to the enlargement DJ and tamped`in by means of a c'alking-chisel till an annular bead is formed on it which fills the inner retaining-groove C.

The Circlet E preferably is of cement,which adds greatly to the strength of the joint, though it may be of lead or other suitable material. Where the circletE is of cement, a pitchedropep may be introduced between the annular rib fr and thepipe D and the cement pressed against this packing and allowed to set, after which the melted pitch may be` poured into the channel C and the plug inserte'd. Another method is to substitute for the pitch-soaked rope 'p a piece of rubber hose which serves to confine the melted pitch until after it h as cooled, after which the hose is withdrawn and the cement pressed in against the pitch filling.

tered beneath the annular rib r'. The rope may be left in this position,or it maybe wedged completely beneath the rib, as shown in Fig. 3. In practice I find it very essential that the annular recess C and that portion of the pipe D with which they melted pitch contacts be coated or painted with some binding mate- The reason Afor this step is th\at hot pitch will not Fig'. 4 shows the pitched rope as being eni adhere to cold iron, but will unite with the l v gas-tight joint.

It should be stated that the object of the packings flanking the annular channel C' is to afford means for conning the melted pitch till the latter becomes cool and to give a certain requisite strength and rigidity to the joint. Accordingly such materials may be used for these packings as will serve to accomplish these ends. On the other hand, the object of the pitch filling E2 is to make the joint gas or liquid tight and by its plasticity to prevent leakage even though a settling of the pipes should loosen the lead and cement fillings to such a degree as to allow leakage were it not for the pitch filling. Accordingly such material may be used for the filling E2 as will accomplish the desired object, though care should be taken to select a material which is not readily soluble in the gas orliquid passing through the pipe line.r Thus rosin, tallow, paraffin, white lead, or the like, which may be readily introduced into the recess in liquid form and allowed to settle into a plastic state, after which it cannot escape from the joint, may be employed for this filling.

I deem it of very great importance that the filling E2 shall not only fill the space between the packings E and E', but also shall project into an annular recess provided for the purpose on the internal surface of the bell. With the annular recess C olnitted it is almost, if not quite, impossible to prevent gas escaping along the outer surface of the filling. The reason for this is that, so far as I am able to judge, the material natu rallybinds the encircled pipe closely, and any shrinkage would first be noticeable at the contact with the bell and not at the contact with the inner pipe. Vith the pitch filling the annular recess C' if any gap occurs it will be at the outer surface of the pitch, and an accumulation of pressure at this surface would force the pitch into close contact with the sides of Y* the annular channel, thus insuring a tight joint. In the event that no filling for the recess C/ can be obtained which will be free from the action of the particular fluid being conveyed then some suitable insoluble material-sueh as cement, powdered asbestos, or the like-is mixed with the filling to be set free by the first dissolving action and stop up the crevice by which the liquid has entered, such liquid as is entrapped being saturated, and so incapable of further damage.

The manner of joining the pipes is to introduce the spigot end into the bell end, tamp the lead filling E into place, insert a packing between the annular rib fr and the pipe D, and then fill in the cement E', if the packing p is to remain, after which the pitch is poured in at the perforation s and the plug s' inserted, or, if the packing p is to be removed, to pour in the pitch before the cement is added, allow it to cool, and then withdraw the packing p before introducing the cement packing E'.

rlhe filling E, it will be observed, engages both theannular recess C of the bell and the fiange Dl of the spigot end and effectually holds the spigot end against withdrawal.

I am aware that a spigot-joint has been formed heretofore wherein a liquid has been introduced between the annular fillings conearners fined between the bell and spigot ends; but such a joint is distinguished from the present invention in that the confined liquid is of a nature to escape whenever a leak occurs at either of the connin g packin gs, thereby serving as a means for indicating a leak, but not for preventing one. Such a construction further differs from the present one in that the bell is not provided with the annular recess C', here shown and deemed a most important feature of the invention.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a pi pe-j oint,the combination of a pipesection provided with a bell having an internal annular recess and an intersecting transverse perforation leading to the exterior of the bell, a pipe-section provided with a spigot end projecting into said bell, annular packings flanking said annular recess, and a filling of pitch or other plastic material between said packings and in said annular recess, said filling being of a nature to permit its introduction through said perforation but to be retained by said packings, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a pipe-joint,the combination ofa pipeseetion provided with a bell having three i11- ternal annular recesses and a transverselyextending perforation intersecting the central recess and leading to the exterior of the bell, a pipe-section provided with an enlarged end projecting into said bell, packing for the inner and outer recesses, and a filling of pitch or other plastic material in said central recess, said filling being of a nature to permit its introduction through said perforation but to be retained by said packing, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In apipe-joint,the combination of api pesection provided with a bell having on its interior a central annular recess communicating with the exterior by means of a transverselyextending intersecting perforation and having also annular recesses fianking the central recess, a pipe-section provided at its end margin with an annular enlargement and projecting into said bell, a lead packing at the inner one of said recesses forming an annulus on theinner pipe preventing the withdrawal of the inner pipe, a cement packing at the outer recess, and a filling of pitch or other plastic material at the central recess, said central filling being of a nature to permit it to be introduced through said perforation and then assume a sufficiently non-fluid state to prevent its escape from the joint, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a pipe-joint,the combination of a pipesection provided with a bell having an internal annular recess C Vcommunicating by means of a transversely-extending intersecting perforation with the exterior of the bell and an annular recess at the outer end of the bell, said recesses being separated by an annular rib, a pipe-section provided with a IOC IIO

IZO

e'z'gefr e spigot end projecting into said bell, appackwhich the pitch isv introduced, substantially ing at the inner side of the recess C', a packas and for the purpose set forth. ing of pitched rope or the like between said annular rib and the inner pipe, a packing of DONALD MCDONALD 5 cement or the like in the outer recess, a ill- In presence off ing of pitch or the like in the recess C and f WM. H. CRUTCHER,

means for closing the perforation through LILLIE M. DUNCAN.` 

